Arbitrum

Arbitrum is a Layer 2 scaling solution based on Optimistic Rollup developed by Offchain Labs. It allows for the construction of scalable Rollup chains on top of the Ethereum main chain, increasing throughput and reducing gas fees by decreasing the number of transactions on the main chain.

Technical Features

Dispute Resolution

Arbitrum employs Optimistic Rollup technology, recording only Rollback points and Resolve points on the Ethereum main chain, significantly reducing the number of transactions. Rollback points mark the beginning of a chain, while Resolve points mark the end of a chain when a dispute arises. If a transaction dispute occurs, it can be rolled back to the previous Rollback point and resolved on the main chain. Challengers provide Fraud Proof, and after the Rollup chain confirms, it resolves again.

Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Arbitrum utilizes zero-knowledge proofs from the AZTEC protocol, enabling private transactions on the Rollup chain.

Technical Advantages

Scalability

Transactions within the Arbitrum chain can be processed in parallel and are not dependent on the main chain's throughput, achieving a high TPS.

Low Cost

Only when disputes arise are main chain transactions needed, with the vast majority of transactions processed on the Rollup chain. This results in a more than 90% reduction in gas costs.

High Performance

A single Arbitrum chain can reach tens of thousands of TPS, and multiple chains can be scaled in parallel.

Compatibility

The Arbitrum chain is compatible with the Ethereum main chain, allowing seamless use of Ethereum wallets, smart contracts, etc.

Privacy Protection

Zero-knowledge proofs enable private transactions on the Arbitrum chain.

Decentralization

The Arbitrum network consists of multiple nodes, with the Ethereum main chain responsible for final validation, providing overall decentralization.

Security

With the Ethereum main chain acting as the final arbiter and the Rollback mechanism allowing for corrections in case of disputes, the overall security is high.

Arbitrum vs Optimistic

The specific performance differences are as follows:

Layer2 Technical	Arbitrum	Optimistic
Challenge Confirmation	1 Round	2 Round
Confirmation Time	Faster	Slower
Fraud Proof Period	Shorter	Longer
Scalability (TPS)	Up to 50,000 TPS	Around 1,000 TPS
Complexity	More complex, requiring custom Fraud Proof and challenge mechanisms.	Simpler, directly using Ethereum main chain challenge mechanisms.
Ethereum Compatibility	Can directly run Ethereum smart contracts.	Relatively lower compatibility.

Both Arbitrum and Optimistic Rollup are Ethereum Layer 2 technologies based on Optimistic Rollup, with the main difference being the challenge confirmation model. Arbitrum uses a single round of optimized challenge confirmation, while Optimistic employs two rounds.

For AIGPT, the computational requirements for training and using artificial intelligence are greater, and the demands for confirmation time, implementation complexity, and Ethereum compatibility are higher. Therefore, Optimistic Rollup technology is more suitable. Among them, Arbitrum has more significant technical advantages compared to Optimistic.